AHCLC asked:

The success of islet transplantation as a treatment for those with type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes is told through patient testimonials. … diabetes islet cell transplantation schulze institute

RedHead85 asked:


Case Study #1: Diabetes

Hannah is a 10-year-old girl who has recently been diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. She is a 4th grade student at Hendricks Elementary School. Prior to her diagnosis, Hannah was very involved in sports and played on the girls volleyball team. Her mother is concerned about how the diagnosis will affect Hannah.

1. Discuss the patient’s diagnosis. Include a definition of the actual disease or condition.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus once known as “juvenile onset” diabetes or “insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,” is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas or faulty use of insulin by the cells. Insulin is a hormone needed to convert sugar (glucose) into energy. Although type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, it typically appears during childhood or adolescence.

2. Identify the factors which could have caused or lead to the particular disease or condition.

3. Describe the signs and symptoms which are associated with the disease or condition.

4. Discuss the diagnostic testing that is usually performed in order to formally diagnose the particular disease or condition.

5. Identify the appropriate treatment (including therapies, medications, etc) which the patient may be prescribed for his/her particular diagnosis.

6. Discuss potential barriers to therapy which the patient may experience due to their unique situation.

7. Discuss alternative treatments which may also benefit the patient.

8. Describe the typical prognosis for a patient with the disease or condition.

9. Identify patient teaching which would benefit the patient in your case study.

I have to do a paper for school and looking for a good website to answer these question.

pharmaX asked:


I would really appreciate some help here.My dad has type 2 non insulin dependent diabetes. He tries to keep the level of sugar in his blood within normal levels by monitoring his diet. He has been telling me recently that he feels there is a connection between his mood and the level of glucose in blood. Sounds funny but the way he explains it is that even when he abuses with his diet a little he doesnt notice very big changes in glucose levels but sometimes hes maintained a strict diet and his level of blood glucose rises a lot because HE SAYS IS COS HES NERVOUS, STRESSED, NOT IN A GOOD MOOD etc…so he claims that somehow if hes not in a good mood this will influence his blood glucose levels. Can this possibly be true? Anyone can enlighten me here? Or is that just his impression? thanks in advance

AllieBeatty asked:

found autoimmune diabetes is an allergic reaction to the insulin your body procures. This results in autoreactive T-cells attacking the beta cells reducing insulin and C-peptide production. If you had a child with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes or you are an adult with LADA would you choose to treat an allergy to human insulin with a faster acting rDMA synthetic human analogue? A safer, cost effective, complication-reducing insulin choice is on its wayTo SUBSCRIBE to future …

What is the cause?  How do we prevent and treat it?

Non-Insulin dependent or Type II diabetes has reached epidemic proportions around the world.  Over 50% of the population that has this disease does not know they are affected.  Elevated blood sugars over a long period of time begin to effect bodily organs; including the heart, kidneys, eyes, liver, and peripheral vasculature and nerves.  There is a increase in heart disease (angina, heart attack), stroke, blindness, fatty liver, kidney failure, lack of circulation to the lower extremities leading to gangrene and amputation of the lower limbs, and decrease pressure and pain sensation of lower extremities due to peripheral nerve damage.  There can also be pain in the extremities due to nerve damage.

Immediate initiatives must be taken to treat high blood sugars.  Normal blood sugar control occurs due to secretion of insulin by pancreatic Beta cells.  Type 2 diabetes is caused by an inadequate amount of insulin being released, and insulin resistance.  Insulin works by attaching to receptors (special areas on the surface of the cell) on muscle and fat cells.  Glucose is picked up and transported inside where it is utilized for energy.  Patients with Type 2 diabetes are not able to transport the glucose into the cell.  This is called “insulin resistance”.  There are many theories to why this occurs.  What we do know is the following:

1) Type II diabetes is related to obesity.  Obesity has increased astronomically in the past 10 years.  As obesity has increased, so has the diagnosis of Type II diabetes.

2) Weight loss decreases level of blood sugars.

3) Decreasing fat intake reduces the amount of glucose in the blood

4) Exercising increases a certain protein in muscle that causes the cells to increase their uptake of glucose into the muscle cell which decreases blood sugars

Let’s briefly take a look at fat intake as a factor leading to insulin resistance.  A single human cell is made of many parts which carry out their specific responsibility in keeping the body alive and functioning properly. When a certain part of the cell stops functioning properly, the cell will eventually die.  Not only does this process affect one cell, it can do so in all the cells of the body thus resulting in death. All cells need glucose for energy which are necessary for the body to maintain strength, fight bacterial and viral infections, produce blood, live, breath, move, detoxify and excrete waste from the body.  Mitochondria are the specific portion of the cell that is important to convert glucose into the forms of energy that the body needs to live.  There are times when glucose is not available and the mitochondria use  fat cells to produce energy for the body.  This way of producing energy burns a lot more calories and takes more work in order to produce the same amount of energy than by utilizing glucose.  Under normal circumstances when  glucose is available, the mitochondria  prefer utilizing  it.  In Type II diabetes, the mitochondria continue to use fat as an energy source and not glucose.  There seems to be a “signal” that the mitochondria sends  to the surface of cells to prevent them from taking up glucose.  There is plenty of insulin, but the signal that the mitochondria sends out in the presence of fat cells over rides the presence of insulin.  This is the ”insulin resistance”  that is seen and  the glucose level in the blood increases.  With the higher amount of energy and work that it takes for the mitochondria to produce energy by utilizing fat, they burn themselves out (stop working properly)

Type II diabetes can be treated in its early stages by exercise, decreasing carbohydrate and fat intake.  If the excess excretion of insulin does not decrease, and there is not a decrease in the mitochondria burning fat to produce energy, the Beta cells of the pancreas, and the mitochondria will eventually die.  This is when insulin will be required to control the blood sugars, organ failure will occur, resulting in death.

It is my hope that everyone will be screened for abnormal elevation of their blood sugars and that preventive measures will start today to reduce or prevent the detrimental complications that occur with this disease.



By: James Pendergraft

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Radha Rani asked:


It seems to make sense that instead of Glycogenesis, Gluconeogenesis should take place because glucose is from a non-carb source, that being insulin, which is basically protein…

CRKEC1 asked:

Hello. I’m Clive from London in England. In 1998, I was diagnosed with Type 1 Insulin dependent Diabetes. I am on 4 injections and two pills a day but will not let the condition beat me. I carry on. … Diabetes diagnosis songs tv radio interviews

Diabetes is considered a serios affection due to its permanent existence, procedures and moreover the complications that involves. Even though many people all over the world suffer from diabetes, the specialists haven t discovered yet the real source of its occurance. It is very important to mention that people who suffer from diabets should ask for medical help as soon as they notice changes in their body and unusual symptoms.

First of all, diabetes occurs when the beta cells in the pancreas which produce insulin are totally destroyed. As we know the food that we eat turns into glucose or sugar helping our body to use for energy. Once there aren’ t beta cells to produce insulin in order to transfer the glucose in the cells, the sugar remains in the blood and because the body cannot use sugar, it is spilled over into the urine and lost. Much more, diabetes can lead to severe health complications, such as heart disease, kidney failure, blindless, lower-extremity amputations and in many cases even death.

Secondly, people who notice certain symptoms which indicate the presence of diabetes should see a physician in order to receive a proper diagnosis. Some of the most common symtoms which indicate the presence of diabetes are: excessive hunger and thirst, frequent urination, dramatic weight loss, lack of energy, dry skin, wounds that heal very hard and even nausea and stomach pains, symptoms which usually occur in type 1 diabetes.

In addition to this, there are two types of diabetes which are quoted from the National Diabetes Fact Sheet: National estimates and general information on diabetes in the United States (Centers for Disease Control an Prevention. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, 1997). Much more, type 1 diabetes tends to be more serios than type 2 diabetes and usually occurs during the childhood.

Type 1 diabetes also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or Juvenile-Onset diabetes, is a common disease in children and may account for 5% to 10% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. The factors which cause type 1 diabetes aren t entirely known but it has been considered that genetic predisposition and enviromental factors, such as viral infections might have an important influence. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes. This type of diabetes may appear due to certain factors, such as older age, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, family history of diabetes, physical inactivity, prior history of gestional diabetes and other factors. It has been considered that certain races and ethnicities, such as african americans, american indians, latino americans are more exposed to get type 2 diabetes than other people.

Gestional diabetes seem to occur in 2% to 5% of all pregnancies but the good thing is that usually disappears when the woman gives birth. Even though a woman who had suffered of gestional diabetes and healed when the pregnancy was over, might develop type 2 diabetes in the future.

Furthermore, there are other types of diabetes which may account for 1% to 2% of all known cases of diabetes and they occur from genetic syndroms, surgeries, drugs, malnutrition, infections and many other affections.

Medical treatments for diabetes are vital for the body and include important changes in the lifestyle. Diabetes treatments tend to adavance in a short time and their role is to maintain blood glucose near normal levels at all times. For instance, type 1 diabetes, the most severe type requires a wide range of procedures. People who suffer from this type of diabetes need a special treatment which include: administration of insulin injections, home blood glucose testing several times a day, a certain, calculated diet and also planned physical exercises. Even though, type 2 diabets is not so serios like type 1, it also requires a strict treatment which consists in special diets, physical activities, home blood glucose testing, oral medication and 40% of the cases require insulin injections.

The causes of type 1 diabetes are not entirely identified, it is believed that it occurs to genetics predisposition or certain viruses which destroy the beta cells in the pancreas. Some important factors which may develop type 2 diabetes are lack of activity and overweight.

In order to take care of the people who suffer from diabetes, the diabetes community offers, pursued by the US Departament of Health and Human Services offer three options: prevent diabetes, cure diabetes and moreover taking better care of people with diabetes to prevent dramatic complications. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is involved in the research of curing type 1 and type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention focuses through their programmes on being sure that the proven science is put into daily practice for people with diabetes.

All in all, even though diabetes tends to be an incurable illness, the science try to discover and consequently to utilize in practice several methods to cure diabetes, such as pancreas transplantation, artificial pancreas development, islet cell transplantation and genetic manipulation. However, until these approaches become reality they need to pass through a serie of investigations like preventing immune rejection, finding an adequate number of insulin cells, keeping cells alive and many others.

So, if you want to find out more about type 2 diabetes or even about what causes diabetes please follow this link http://diabetes-info-center.com/



By: Groshan Fabiola

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